Job interview questions and answers for fresher and experience persons. kashipara

Latest Interview Questions and Answers

Mention what is the default URL pattern used in CodeIgniter framework?

CodeIgniter framework URL has four main components in default URL pattern. First we have the server name and next we have the controller class name followed by controller function name and function parameters at the end. CodeIgniter can be accessed using the URL helper.

For example:

http://localhost/demo/controllerName/controllerFunction/param1/param2.

CodeIgniter jayvik 2016-05-30 06:21:36

Explain how you can extend the class in CodeIgniter?

To extend the native input class in CodeIgniter, you have to build a file named application/core/MY_Input.php and declare your class with

Class MY_Input extends CI_Input {

}

CodeIgniter jayvik 2016-05-30 06:20:57

Explain what is inhibitor in CodeIgniter?

For CodeIgniter, inhibitor is an error handler class, using the native PHP functions like set_exception_handler, set_error_handler, register_shutdown_function to handle parse errors, exceptions, and fatal errors.

CodeIgniter jayvik 2016-05-30 06:20:20

How you will use or add CodeIgniter libraries?

All of the available libraries are located in your system/libraries folder. In most cases, to use one of these classes involves initializing it within a controller using the following initialization function:

$this->load->library('class name');

CodeIgniter jayvik 2016-05-30 06:19:47

Explain how you can link images/CSS/JavaScript from a view in CodeIgniter?

In HTML, there is no CodeIgniter way, as such it is a PHP server side framework. Just use an absolute path to your resources to link images/CSS/JavaScript from a view in CodeIgniter

/css/styles.css

/js/myscript.js

/images/hello.jpg

CodeIgniter jayvik 2016-05-30 06:19:04

Mention what are the security parameter for XSS in CodeIgniter?

CodeIgniter has got a cross-site scripting hack prevention filter. This filter either runs automatically or you can run it as per item basis, to filter all POST and COOKIE data that come across. The XSS filter will target the commonly used methods to trigger JavaScript or other types of code that attempt to hijack cookies or other malicious activity. If it detects any suspicious thing or anything disallowed is encountered, it will convert the data to character entities.

CodeIgniter jayvik 2016-05-30 06:18:12

Explain how you can prevent CodeIgniter from CSRF?

There are several ways to protect CodeIgniter from CSRF, one way of doing is to use a hidden field in each form on the website. This hidden field is referred as CSRF token. It is nothing but a random value that alters with each HTTP request sent. As soon as it is inserted in the website forms, it gets saved in the userâ€™s session as well. So, when the form is submitted by the users, the website checks whether it is the same as the one saved in the session. If it is same then, the request is legitimate.

CodeIgniter jayvik 2016-05-30 06:17:40

What are the helpers in CodeIgniter?

Helpers, as the name suggests, help you with tasks. Each helper file is simply a collection of functions in a particular category. There are URL Helpers, that assist in creating links, there are Form Helpers that help you create form elements, Text Helpers perform various text formatting routines, Cookie Helpers set and read cookies, File Helpers help you deal with files etc.

Loading a helper file is quite simple using the following function:

$this->load->helper('name');

CodeIgniter jayvik 2016-05-30 06:17:07

List out different types of hook point in CodeIgniter?

Different types of hook point in CodeIgniter includes:

post_controller_constructor
pre_controller
post_sytem
pre_system
cache_override
display_override
post_controller

CodeIgniter jayvik 2016-05-30 06:16:02

Why is there a need to configure the URL routes?

Changing the URL routes has some benefits like:

From SEO point of view, to make URL SEO friendly and get more user visits.
Hide some URL element such as a function name, controller name, etc. from the users for security reasons.
Provide different functionality to particular parts of a system.

CodeIgniter jayvik 2016-05-30 06:15:28

Explain how you will load or add a model in CodeIgniter?

Within your controller functions, models will typically be loaded.

You will use the function:

$this->load->model ('Model_Name');

CodeIgniter jayvik 2016-05-30 06:14:53

Explain what helpers in CodeIgniter are and how you can load a helper file?

In CodeIgniter, helpers are group of function in a particular category that assist you to perform specific functions. In CodeIgniter, you will find many helpers like URL helpers- helping in creating links, Text helpers- perform various text formatting routines, Cookies- helpers set and read cookies.

You can load helper file by using command $this->load->helper (â€˜nameâ€™) ;

CodeIgniter jayvik 2016-05-30 06:14:07

How you will work with error handling in CodeIgniter?

CodeIgniter lets you build error reporting into your applications using the functions:

show_error(): This function will display the error message supplied to it using template application/errors/error_general.php.
show_404(): Function will display the 404 error message.
log_message(â€˜levelâ€™, â€˜messageâ€™) :- This function lets you write messages to your log files. You must supply one of three â€œlevelsâ€ in the first parameter, indicating what type of message it is (debug, error, info), with the message itself in the second parameter.

CodeIgniter jayvik 2016-05-30 06:13:26

Explain what are hooks in CodeIgniter?

CodeIgniterâ€™s hooks feature provides a way to change the inner working of the framework without hacking the core files. In other word, hooks allow you to execute a script with a particular path within the CodeIgniter.

Usually, it is defined in application/config/hooks.php file.

The hooks feature can be globally enabled/disabled by setting the following item in the application/config/config.php file:

$config['enable_hooks'] = TRUE;

Hooks are defined in application/config/hooks.php file.

For example:

$hook['pre_controller'] = array(

'class' => 'MyClass',

'function' => 'Myfunction',

'filename' => 'Myclass.php',

'filepath' => 'hooks',

'params' => array('test', 'test1', 'webs')

);

CodeIgniter jayvik 2016-05-30 06:12:20

Explain routing in CodeIgniter?

In CodeIgniter, the way PHP files served is different rather than accessing it directly from the browser. This process is called routing. Routing in CodeIgniter gives you freedom to customize the default URL pattern to use our own URL pattern according to the requirement.

So, whenever there is a request made and matches our URL pattern, it will automatically direct to the specified controller and function.

CodeIgniter jayvik 2016-05-30 06:11:20

Explain how you can enable CSRF (Cross Site Request Forgery) in CodeIgniter?

You can activate CSRF (Cross Site Request Forgery) protection in CodeIgniter by operating your application/config/config.php file and setting it to:

$config['csrf_protection'] = TRUE;

If you avail the form helper, the form_open() function will insert a hidden csrf field in your forms automatically.

CodeIgniter jayvik 2016-05-30 06:10:43

Explain MVC in CodeIgniter.

Modelâ€“Viewâ€“Controller (MVC) is an architecture that separates the representation of information from the userâ€™s interaction with it.

Controller: The Controller serves as an intermediary between the Model, the View. controller mediates input, converting it to commands for the model or view.

Model: The Model represents your data structures. Typically your model classes will contain functions that help you retrieve, insert, and update information in your database.The model consists of application data and business rules.

View: The View is the information that is being presented to a user. A View will normally be a web page. A view can be any output representation of data.

CodeIgniter jayvik 2016-05-30 06:09:44

What are the features of CodeIgniter?

Below is the list of features of CodeIgniter:

It is free to use as for open source framework.
It is light weight. The core system requires only a few very small libraries. Not like other frameworks that require heavy file libraries.
CodeIgniter is Fast. It is faster than any other framework in php.
The URLs generated by CodeIgniter are clean and search engine friendly. You will change any url to what ever you want from files.
CodeIgniter is Extensible. The system can be easily extended through the use of your own libraries, helpers, or through class extensions or system hooks.
CodeIgniter Uses MVC (Model View Controller) which allows great separation between logic and presentation.
CodeIgniter requires nearly zero configuration, does not require you to use the command line, not forced to learn a templating language.
Full Featured database classes with support for several platforms, Security and XSS Filtering, Error Logging.

CodeIgniter jayvik 2016-05-30 06:08:28

What is current version of CodeIgniter?

CodeIgniter 3.0.6 is the current version of the framework as of April, 2016. CodeIgniter 2.2.6 is the legacy version of the framework.

CodeIgniter jayvik 2016-05-30 06:07:27

What is the goal of CodeIgniter?

The goal is to enable you to develop projects with much faster than you could if you were writing code from scratch by providing a rich set of libraries for commonly needed tasks as well as a simple interface and logical structure to access these libraries.

CodeIgniter jayvik 2016-05-30 06:06:38

Popular Interview Questions and Answers

Explain the steps involved in demodulating a signal.

Once the signal is coded, modulated and then sent, the receiver must demodulate the signal. This is usually done in two steps :
1. Spectrum spreading (e.g., direct sequence or frequency hopping) modulation is removed.
2. The remaining information bearing signal is demodulated by multiplying with a local reference identical in structure and synchronised with received signal.

electronics and communication interview questions

digital communication 2013-05-06 19:13:47

What is PHP's mysqli Extension?

The mysqli extension, or as it is sometimes known, the MySQL improved

extension, was developed to take advantage of new features found in MySQL

systems versions 4.1.3 and newer. The mysqli extension is included with PHP

versions 5 and later.

The mysqli extension has a number of benefits, the key enhancements over the

mysql extension being:

=>Object-oriented interface

=>Support for Prepared Statements

=>Support for Multiple Statements

=>Support for Transactions

=>Enhanced debugging capabilities

=>Embedded server support

php interview questions and answers.

php 2013-10-04 10:58:35

What are the advantages and disadvantages of Cascading Style Sheets?

External Style SheetsAdvantagesCan control styles for multiple documents at once. Classes can be created for use on multiple HTML element types in many documents.Selector and grouping methods can be used to apply styles under complex contextsDisadvantagesAn extra download is required to import style information for each

document The rendering of the document may be delayed until the external style sheet is loaded Becomes slightly unwieldy for small quantities of style definitionsEmbedded Style Sheets Advantages Classes can be created for use on multiple tag types in the document.

Selector and grouping methods can be used to apply styles under complex contexts. No additional downloads necessary to receive style information Disadvantages This method can not control styles for multiple documents at once Inline Styles Advantages Useful for small quantities of style definitions. Can override other style specification methods at the local level so only exceptions need to be listed in conjunction with other style methods

Disadvantages

Does not distance style information from content (a main goal of SGML/HTML). Can not control styles for multiple documents at once.Author can not create or control classes of elements to control multiple element types within the document. Selector grouping methods can not be used to create complex element addressing scenarios

css interview question.

Cascading Style Sheets(css) 2013-07-08 17:52:43

When during the page processing cycle is ViewState available?

The view state is available after the Init() and before the Render() methods are called during Page load.

C# .net interview question for fresher and experiences.

.net 2013-05-30 14:59:49

What is analog-to-digital conversion of signals?

A discrete-time signal is defined by specifying its value only at discrete times, called sampling instants. When the sampled values are quantised and encoded, a digital signal is obtained. A digital signal is obtained from the analog signal by using an analog-to-digital converter. This entire process is referred to as the conversion of signals from analog to digital form.

electronics and communication interview questions

electronics and communication (ec) 2013-05-06 19:22:20

How does Java implement polymorphism?

(Inheritance, Overloading and Overriding are used to achieve Polymorphism in java).

Polymorphism manifests itself in Java in the form of multiple methods having the same name.

In some cases, multiple methods have the same name, but different formal argument lists (overloaded methods).
In other cases, multiple methods have the same name, same return type, and same formal argument list (overridden methods).

basic oop 2013-04-19 15:03:17

What is the difference between Critical Speed and Whirling Speed?

In Solid mechanics, in the field of rotor dynamics, the critical speed is the theoretical angular velocity which excites the natural frequency of a rotating object, such as a shaft, propeller or gear. As the speed of rotation approaches the objects natural frequency, the object begins to resonate which dramatically increases system vibration. The resulting resonance occurs regardless of orientation.Whirling Speed is due to the unbalanced forces acting on a rotating shaft.

thermodynamics jayvik 2014-10-14 06:08:49

What are the various types of numbers for network identity?

Various types of number for network identity are as follows :
1. MSISDN ( Mobile station ISDN) Number : It is international mobile subscriber number which is normally called mobile number. It is unique worldwide.
2. MSRN ( Mobile Subscriber Routing Number) : MSRN is used during mobile terminate trunk call to provide location of mobile subscriber.
3. HON ( Hand Over Number ) : HON is used for providing information required to transfer call from one B?SC to another BSC or to another MSC.
4. ISMI ( International Mobile Subscriber Identity Number) : Purpose of ISMI is for location update and authentication.
5. TMSI ( Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity ) : TMSI is used instead of IMSI to improve security efficiency of network.
6. IMEI : International Mobile Equipment Identity.

electronics and communication interview questions

digital communication 2013-05-06 19:17:36

what are magic methods?

Magic methods are the members functions that is available to all the instance of class Magic methods always starts with "__". Eg. __construct All magic methods needs to be declared as public To use magic method they should be defined within the class or program scope Various Magic Methods used in PHP 5 are:

__construct() __destruct() __set() __get() __call() __toString() __sleep()

__wakeup() __isset() __unset() __autoload() __clone()

php interview questions and answers.

php 2013-07-15 11:51:47

Why should we hire you?

Create your answer by thinking in terms of your ability, your experience, and your energy.

The deadliest answer you can give is â€œBecause I like people.â€ What else would you like-animals?

Here, and throughout the interview, a good answer comes from having done your homework so that you can speak in terms of the companyâ€™s needs. You might say that your research has shown that the company is doing things you would like to be involved with, and that itâ€™s doing them in ways that greatly interest you. For example, if the organization is known for strong management, your answer should mention that fact and show that you would like to be a part of that team. If the company places a great deal of emphasis on research and development, emphasize the fact that you want to create new things and that you know this is a place in which such activity is encouraged. If the organization stresses financial controls, your answer should mention a reverence for numbers.

If you feel that you have to concoct an answer to this question â€“ if, for example, the company stresses research, and you feel that you should mention it even though it really doesnâ€™t interest you- then you probably should not be taking that interview, because you probably shouldnâ€™t be considering a job with that organization.

Your homework should include learning enough about the company to avoid approaching places where you wouldnâ€™t be able -or wouldnâ€™t want- to function. Since most of us are poor liars, itâ€™s difficult to con anyone in an interview. But even if you should succeed at it, your prize is a job you donâ€™t really want.

Common ask HR interview Question Answer

Human resources (hr) 2013-04-22 14:40:34

What do you find most attractive about this position?

List three or four attractive factors of the job, and mention a single, minor, unattractive item.

Common ask HR interview Question Answer

Human resources (hr) 2013-04-22 14:37:54

What is Cookies in ASP?

A cookie is small text file is created in users computer, ASP pages store and retrieve cookie value to and from user system. You can use Response.Cookies("key")=value to create cookie and value=Request.Cookies("key") to retrive the value.

asp .net interview question for fresher and experience.

asp .net 2013-05-25 15:13:47

What is Polymorphism?

Polymorphism is briefly described as "one interface, many implementations." Polymorphism is a characteristic of being able to assign a different meaning or usage to something in different contexts - specifically, to allow an entity such as a variable, a function, or an object to have more than one form.

basic oop 2013-04-19 14:58:41

What happens when you send autorelease or retain message to autorelease pool?

NSAutoreleasePool *autoRelease =[ [[ NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init] autorelease]; or

NSAutoreleasePool *autoRelease =[ [[ NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init] retain];

objective c iphone 1 year experiences interview question.

objective c (iphone) 2013-05-07 11:45:42

List some advantages of GSM.

Here are some advantages of GSM :
1. GSM is mature, this maturity means a more stable network with robust features.
2. Less signal deterioration inside buildings.
3. Ability to use repeaters.
4. Talk time is generally higher in GSM phones due to pulse nature of transmission.
5. The availability of Subscriber Identity Modules allows users to switch networks and handset at will.
6. GSM covers virtually all parts of world so international roaming is not a problem.

electronics and communication interview questions

digital communication 2013-05-06 19:17:04

What is the difference between abstraction and encapsulation?

Abstraction focuses on the outside view of an object (i.e. the interface) Encapsulation (information hiding) prevents clients from seeing itâ€™s inside view, where the behavior of the abstraction is implemented.

Abstraction solves the problem in the design side while Encapsulation is the Implementation.

Encapsulation is the deliverables of Abstraction. Encapsulation barely talks about grouping up your abstraction to suit the developer needs.

basic oop 2013-04-19 14:56:30

Tell me about yourself?

Since this is often the opening question in an interview, be extra careful that you donâ€™t run off at the mouth. Keep your answer to a minute or two at most. Cover four topics: early years, education, work history, and recent career experience. Emphasize this last subject. Remember that this is likely to be a warm-up question. Donâ€™t waste your best points on it.

Simple HR interview Question Answer

Human resources (hr) 2013-04-21 14:50:24

Can the view state be encrypted?

The view state can be encrypted by setting EnableViewStateMac to true and either modifying the <machineKey> element in Machine.config to <machineKey validation="3DESâ€ /> or by adding the above statement to Web.config.

C# .net interview question for fresher and experiences.

.net 2013-05-30 14:59:10

in PHP for pdf which library used?

The PDF functions in PHP can create PDF files using the PDFlib library With version 6, PDFlib offers an object-oriented API for PHP 5 in addition to the function-oriented API for PHP 4. There is also the Ã‚Â» Panda module. FPDF is a PHP class which allows to generate PDF files with pure PHP, that is to say without using the

PDFlib library. F from FPDF stands for Free: you may use it for any kind of usage and modify it to suit your needs. FPDF requires no extension (except zlib to activate compression and GD for GIF support) and works with PHP4 and PHP5.

php interview questions and answers.

php 2013-07-15 11:50:02

What are the principle concepts of OOPS?

There are four principle concepts upon which object oriented design and programming rest. They are:

Abstraction
Polymorphism
Inheritance
Encapsulation

basic oop 2013-04-19 14:39:50

Hot Interview Questions and Answers

What is Inheritance?

Inheritance is the process by which objects of one class acquire the properties of objects of another class.
A class that is inherited is called a superclass.
The class that does the inheriting is called a subclass.
Inheritance is done by using the keyword extends.
The two most common reasons to use inheritance are:
- To promote code reuse
- To use polymorphism

basic oop 2013-04-19 14:57:50

How does Java implement polymorphism?

(Inheritance, Overloading and Overriding are used to achieve Polymorphism in java).

Polymorphism manifests itself in Java in the form of multiple methods having the same name.

In some cases, multiple methods have the same name, but different formal argument lists (overloaded methods).
In other cases, multiple methods have the same name, same return type, and same formal argument list (overridden methods).

basic oop 2013-04-19 15:03:17

Why should we hire you?

Create your answer by thinking in terms of your ability, your experience, and your energy.

The deadliest answer you can give is â€œBecause I like people.â€ What else would you like-animals?

Common ask HR interview Question Answer

Human resources (hr) 2013-04-22 14:40:34

How long would you stay with us?

Say that you are interested in a career with the organization, but admit that you would have to continue to feel challenged to remain with any organization. Think in terms of, â€œAs long as we both feel achievement-oriented.â€

Best HR Inreview question

Human resources (hr) 2013-04-23 11:07:07

What happens when you send autorelease or retain message to autorelease pool?

NSAutoreleasePool *autoRelease =[ [[ NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init] autorelease]; or

NSAutoreleasePool *autoRelease =[ [[ NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init] retain];

objective c iphone 1 year experiences interview question.

objective c (iphone) 2013-05-07 11:45:42

What is intent?

A class (Intent) describes what a caller desires to do. The caller sends this intent to Android's intent resolver, which finds the most suitable activity for the intent. E.g. opening a PDF file is an intent, and the Adobe Reader is the suitable activity for this intent.

android interview questions and answers.

android 2013-07-19 06:58:21

Session state vs. View state:

In some cases, using view state is not feasible. The alternative for view state is session state. Session state is employed under the following situations:

Large amounts of data - View state tends to increase the size of both the HTML page sent to the browser and the size of form posted back. Hence session state is used.

Secure data - Though the view state data is encoded and may be encrypted, it is better and secure if no sensitive data is sent to the client. Thus, session state is a more secure option.

Problems in serializing of objects into view state - View state is efficient for a small set of data. Other types like DataSet are slower and can generate a very large view state.

C# .net interview question for fresher and experiences.

.net 2013-05-30 14:55:54

Can the view state be encrypted?

C# .net interview question for fresher and experiences.

.net 2013-05-30 14:59:10

When during the page processing cycle is ViewState available?

The view state is available after the Init() and before the Render() methods are called during Page load.

C# .net interview question for fresher and experiences.

.net 2013-05-30 14:59:49

What are the principle concepts of OOPS?

There are four principle concepts upon which object oriented design and programming rest. They are:

Abstraction
Polymorphism
Inheritance
Encapsulation

basic oop 2013-04-19 14:39:50

What is Abstraction?

Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details or explanations.

basic oop 2013-04-19 14:54:00

What is Encapsulation?

Encapsulation is a technique used for hiding the properties and behaviors of an object and allowing outside access only as appropriate. It prevents other objects from directly altering or accessing the properties or methods of the encapsulated object.

basic oop 2013-04-19 14:55:19

What is the difference between abstraction and encapsulation?

Abstraction solves the problem in the design side while Encapsulation is the Implementation.

Encapsulation is the deliverables of Abstraction. Encapsulation barely talks about grouping up your abstraction to suit the developer needs.

basic oop 2013-04-19 14:56:30

What is Polymorphism?

basic oop 2013-04-19 14:58:41

Tell me about yourself?

Simple HR interview Question Answer

Human resources (hr) 2013-04-21 14:50:24

What do you know about our organization?

You should be able to discuss products or services, revenues, reputation, image, goals, problems, management style, people, history and philosophy. But donâ€™t act as if you know everything about the place. Let your answer show that you have taken the time to do some research, but donâ€™t overwhelm the interviewer, and make it clear that you wish to learn more.

You might start your answer in this manner: â€œIn my job search, Iâ€™ve investigated a number of companies.

Yours is one of the few that interests me, for these reasonsâ€¦â€

Give your answer a positive tone. Donâ€™t say, â€œWell, everyone tells me that youâ€™re in all sorts of trouble, and thatâ€™s why Iâ€™m hereâ€, even if that is why youâ€™re there.

Simple HR interview Question Answer

Human resources (hr) 2013-04-21 14:52:11

What can you do for us that someone else canâ€™t?

Here you have every right, and perhaps an obligation, to toot your own horn and be a bit egotistical. Talk about your record of getting things done, and mention specifics from your resume or list of career accomplishments. Say that your skills and interests, combined with this history of getting results, make you valuable. Mention your ability to set priorities, identify problems, and use your experience and energy to solve them.

Common ask HR interview Question Answer

Human resources (hr) 2013-04-22 14:36:53

What do you find most attractive about this position?

List three or four attractive factors of the job, and mention a single, minor, unattractive item.

Common ask HR interview Question Answer

Human resources (hr) 2013-04-22 14:37:54

What do you look for in a job?

Keep your answer oriented to opportunities at this organization. Talk about your desire to perform and be recognized for your contributions. Make your answer oriented toward opportunity rather than personal security.

Common ask HR interview Question Answer

Human resources (hr) 2013-04-22 14:41:08

Why do you want to work for us?

The deadliest answer you can give is â€œBecause I like people.â€ What else would you like-animals?

Simple HR interview Question Answer

Human resources (hr) 2013-04-21 14:53:22

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